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Security Issues in Blockchained IoT

Blockchain Layer: The Blockchain layer is responsible for the digital integrity

of the data received from the data layer. It performs activities like rumour detec­

tion, information tracing and peer-to-peer information exchange to ensure integrity.

Due to these checks, the data received to the user at the application layer is trusted,

traceable, decentralized and with faster dememorization. Hence, we can say that it

provides a mechanism for establishing identities and trust (Figure 3.1).

Data Layer: The data layer is basically the information source where data dis­

semination and classification take place on real-time data streams.

3.1.2  Internet of Things

The IoT (Sharma & Kishore, 2017) can be contemplated as a conservatory of conven­

tional wireless sensor networks (WSN) that makes entity-to-entity communication

possible by utilization of radio frequency identification (RFID) and near field com­

munication (NFC). The IoT is the inevitable upcoming era of the Internet, which has

led many researchers to concentrate on it. There are lots of architectures accessible

in the field of IoT. There are various usages of IoT in real-life scenarios, too. WSN

(S. S. & Kishore, 2015) has created a landmark in the field of information technology

and put it on the motherboard of every technology through its applications. With the

evolution of this technology, it has played its role in the IoT. Typically, the layered

structure of IoT can be described as follows (Gupta et al., 2020).

Application and Middleware Layer: To build an integrated security scheme,

this architecture integrates the middleware and application layers together. It collects

data from the network layer, which conducts operations such as ubiquitous computa­

tion and decision-making and essentially maintains the data in the database. In addi­

tion, across various implementations such as intelligent living, intelligent farming,

remote health monitoring, etc., this awareness of artefacts is processed worldwide.

The danger of dissemination between networks is greater than in Internet IoT appli­

cations (Suo et al., 2012).

FIGURE 3.1  Three-layer architecture of Blockchain.